The articaine + epinephrine combination injection for intraoral submucosal infiltration is a sterile aqueous solution containing articaine hydrochloride 4% (40 mg/ml) and epinephrine bitartrate at an epinephrine concentration of 1:200000 or 1:100000. Articaine hydrochloride is an amide-type local anesthetic that blocks the generation and conduction of nerve impulses. Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor added to articaine to slow absorption into the general bloodstream and prolong the maintenance of active concentration in tissues. Anesthesia onset occurs 1-9 minutes after injection of the articaine + epinephrine combination. Full anesthesia lasts approximately 1 hour for infiltration anesthesia and up to 2 hours for nerve block anesthesia. Use The articaine + epinephrine combination is indicated for local, infiltration, or nerve block anesthesia in both simple and complex dental procedures in adults and children aged 4 years and older.